For years, little progress was made with shelters because of the apparently irreconcilable conflict between the need to send the public underground for shelter and the need to keep them above ground for protection against gas attacks. Prior to World War II, in May 1924, an Air Raid Precautions Committee was set up in the United Kingdom. Indoor shelters known as Morrison shelters were introduced as well.Īir raid shelters are still in use to some extent in various nations such as Spain, Switzerland, Israel, Singapore and Taiwan. Anderson shelters, designed in 1938 and built to hold up to six people, were in common use in the UK. The UK began building street communal shelters as air raid shelters in 1940. After Londoners flooded into underground stations during The Blitz, the government reversed its policy. However, during World War II, the government initially ruled out using these as shelters. Bombing raids during World War I led the UK to build 80 specially adapted London Underground stations as shelters. ĭuring World War II, many types of structures were used as air raid shelters, such as cellars, Hochbunkers (in Germany), basements, and underpasses. They are similar to bunkers in many regards, although they are not designed to defend against ground attack (but many have been used as defensive structures in such situations). Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air.
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